Síndrome de burnout y seguridad del paciente en profesionales del primer nivel de atención en Ecuador: Influencia de factores organizacionales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66646/redsa-2026/w1kaa149Palabras clave:
agotamiento profesional, seguridad del paciente, atención primaria de salud, personal de salud, salud laboral, cultura organizacionalResumen
El síndrome de burnout constituye un riesgo psicosocial prevalente en el personal sanitario que puede comprometer la seguridad del paciente, particularmente en el primer nivel de atención, donde la sobrecarga asistencial y la limitación de recursos son frecuentes. Analizar la relación entre el síndrome de burnout y la cultura de seguridad del paciente en profesionales de salud del primer nivel de atención en Ecuador, evaluando el rol de los factores organizacionales. Estudio observacional, cuantitativo, transversal, correlacional-explicativo, realizado en 50 profesionales de Centros de Salud Tipo A, B y C, seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicaron el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), el Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) adaptado y un cuestionario de factores organizacionales. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlación de Spearman y regresión lineal múltiple. El 42 % de los participantes presentó agotamiento emocional alto y el 34 % baja realización personal. Se identificó correlación negativa significativa entre agotamiento emocional y cultura de seguridad del paciente (rho = -0.52; p < 0.001). La sobrecarga laboral y el escaso apoyo directivo se asociaron significativamente con mayor burnout y menor percepción de seguridad. El burnout influye negativamente en la cultura de seguridad del paciente, siendo los factores organizacionales determinantes clave. Se recomienda fortalecer políticas institucionales orientadas al bienestar laboral en el marco del Modelo de Atención Integral de Salud (MAIS).
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jipson Julio Trejo Paredes (Autor/a)
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